How is 4-Chlorobutanenitrile (CAS: 628-20-6) typically synthesized?

4-Chlorobutanenitrile is commonly synthesized via the reaction of 1-chlorobutane with hydrogen cyanide. Alternatively, it can be produced by the hydrolysis of 4-chlorobutanoyl chloride. The synthesis typically involves the use of a phase-transfer catalyst and requires careful control of reaction conditions to achieve high selectivity and yield.