Voltage-driven ion flux promotes emulsification at the water|oil interface
Literature Information
Guillermo Colón-Quintana
Emulsions are critical across a vast range of industries. Generally, emulsion synthesis is a complicated chemical process, requiring many mixed-phase systems. Here, we demonstrate that the flux of ions across the oil|water interface induces emulsification. Ion flux is achieved by a voltage-driven process, where an anode and a cathode are placed in each phase. When a current density of 2 mA cm−2 is reached across the interface, emulsification occurs. We demonstrate that emulsification can be tuned to occur in both phases, depending on the ions present. Droplet sizes are on the order of hundreds of nm and are stable for over an hour even without purposefully added surfactant. We demonstrate qualitative control over droplet size and charge based on salt content, current densities, and polarity of the interface. The process is 1000 times less energetic than ultrasonication. Our results introduce a robust and low-energy means of nanodroplet dispersion without the use of more than two phases and complex phase-transfer agents.
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Materials Horizons

Materials Horizons is a leading journal for the publication of exceptionally high quality, innovative materials science.The journal places an emphasis on original research that demonstrates a new concept or a new way of thinking (a conceptual advance), rather than primarily reporting technological improvements. However, outstanding articles featuring truly breakthrough developments such as record performance of materials alone may also be published in the journal. For work to be published it must be of significant general interest to our community-spanning readership. All articles published in Materials Horizons from 2021 onwards will be indexed in MEDLINE©










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