Long-term reproducibility detection method for quantitative LIBS using Kalman filtering
Literature Information
Ying Lu, Zechuan Wu, Zhishuai Xu, Ziyi Zhao
Long-term reproducibility is defined as the dispersion of measurement results over a few days with the same operator, equipment, and samples. It is one of the important obstacles faced by the development of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technology. The Kalman filtering algorithm is proposed to improve the long-term reproducibility of LIBS quantitative analysis. Based on 32 lower-alloy steel reference samples, the internal calibration curves of six elements, including Mn, Si, Cr, Ni, Ti, and Al, were established based on the standard single-pulse LIBS equipment. The six test samples were then quantitatively verified every 24 hours for ten days using the above calibration curves. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the predicted contents of the six elements before and after Kalman filtering were calculated based on 100 filters, and the improvement effect of Kalman filtering on the long-term reproducibility of quantitative LIBS was evaluated. The results showed that the Kalman filtering method could effectively correct the influence of the instrument drift on the long-term reproducibility of LIBS, and the RSDs of repeated measurements of Mn, Si, Cr, Ni, Ti, and Al elements were reduced from 35%, 49%, 63%, 64%, 66%, and 53% to 11%, 18%, 21%, 25%, 37%, and 27%, respectively. The method proposed in this study offers a new way to improve the long-term reproducibility of LIBS.
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Source Journal
Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry

The Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry (JAAS) is the central journal for publishing innovative research on fundamentals, instrumentation, and methods in the determination, speciation and isotopic analysis of (trace) elements within all fields of application. This includes, but is not restricted to, the most recent progress, developments and achievements in all forms of atomic and elemental detection, isotope ratio determination, molecular analysis, plasma-based analysis and X-ray techniques. The journal welcomes full papers, communications, technical notes, critical and tutorial review articles, editorials, and comments, in addition to the Atomic Spectrometry Updates (ASU) literature reviews that are prepared by an expert panel. Submissions are welcome in the following areas, but note this list reflects the current scope and authors are strongly encouraged to contact the Editorial team if they believe that their work offers potentially new and emerging research relevant to the journal remit: Fundamental studies in the following. New and existing sources for atomic emission, absorption, fluorescence and mass spectrometry and those that provide both atomic and molecular information Sample introduction techniques for solids, liquids, gases Improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, precision, accuracy and/or robustness Isotope ratio measurements, including techniques for improving precision and mass bias correction Single channel and multichannel simultaneous detection systems Chemometrics, statistics, calibration techniques and internal standardisation Theoretical and numerical modelling of fundamental processes related to all of the above methodologies Novel or improved methodologies in areas of application including, but not limited to the following. Biosciences, including elemental, speciation and isotopic analysis in biological systems, immunoassays based on metal-labeled antibodies, bio-imaging, and nanoparticle toxicology Geochemistry Environmental science Materials science, including engineered nanoparticles and quantum dots Metrology, including reference materials Forensic analysis Food and agricultural sciences Energy Archaeometry Molecular analysis. Molecular sources for elemental and isotopic analysis Atomic sources for molecular analysis Atomic and molecular techniques simultaneously used for complementary chemical information All contributions are judged on originality and quality of scientific content, and appropriateness of length to content of new science.














