Designing bifunctional catalysts for urea electrolysis: progress and perspectives

Literature Information

Publication Date 2023-12-04
DOI 10.1039/D3GC03329E
Impact Factor 10.182
Authors

Zhijie Chen, Wei Wei, Ho Kyong Shon


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Abstract

Recently, urea electrolysis has become an attractive method for sustainable energy-saving hydrogen production and simultaneous pollutant degradation. To improve urea electrolysis efficiency and simplify electrolysis systems, developing efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts has attracted great interest. Recently, great achievements have been made in the design of high-performance bifunctional catalysts for urea electrolysis. In this review, the current progress in bifunctional catalysts for urea electrolysis is comprehensively analyzed. The fundamentals and catalyst design principles for urea electrolysis are first discussed. Then, the applications of advanced bifunctional catalysts in urea electrolysis are fully demonstrated, such as single atom catalysts (SACs), metal nanoparticles, alloys, metal (hydr)oxides, chalcogenides, pnictides, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and composites. The structure–performance correlation of catalysts as well as their design strategies are emphasized. Current catalysts are also evaluated in terms of their catalytic activities, providing insights into the sensible design of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts. Several key perspectives are outlined to guide further studies on practical urea electrolysis-driven sustainable hydrogen production and urea-rich wastewater management.

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Green Chemistry
CiteScore: 16.1
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Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.

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