The nature of the electronic ground state of M2C (M = Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W) MXenes

Literature Information

Publication Date 2023-11-06
DOI 10.1039/D3CP04402E
Impact Factor 3.676
Authors

Néstor García-Romeral, Ángel Morales-García, Francesc Viñes, Ibério de P. R. Moreira, Francesc Illas


View Original

Abstract

A systematic computational study is presented aimed at accurately describing the electronic ground state nature and properties of M2C (M = Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W) MXenes. Electronic band structure calculations in the framework of density functional theory (DFT), carried out with different types of basis sets and employing the generalized gradient approach (GGA) and hybrid functionals, provide strong evidence that Ti2C, Zr2C, Hf2C, and Cr2C MXenes exhibit an open-shell conducting ground state with localized spins on the metal atoms, while V2C, Nb2C, Mo2C, Ta2C, and W2C MXenes exhibit a diamagnetic conducting ground state. For Ti2C, Zr2C, Hf2C, and Cr2C, the analysis of the low-lying spin polarized solutions with different spin orderings indicates that their ground states are antiferromagnetic (AFM), consisting of two ferromagnetic (FM) metal layers coupled antiferromagnetically. For the diamagnetic MXenes, the converged spin polarized solutions are significantly less stable than the closed shell solution except for the case of V2C and Mo2C where those excited open shell solutions can be thermally accessible (less than 300 meV per formula unit). The analysis of charge and spin density distributions of the ground state of the MXenes reveals that, in all cases, the metal atoms have a net charge close to +1 e and C atoms close to −2 e. In the case of diamagnetic MXenes, the electronic structure of V2C, Nb2C, and Ta2C is consistent with metal atoms exhibiting a closed-shell s2d2 configuration whereas for Mo2C, and W2C is consistent with a low-spin s1d4 configuration although the FM solution is close in energy for V2C and Mo2C suggesting that they may play a role in their chemistry at high temperature. For the open shell MXenes, the spin density primarily located at the metal atoms showing one unpaired electron per Ti+, Zr+, and Hf+ magnetic center, consistent with s2d1 configuration of the metal atom, and of ∼3.5 unpaired electrons per Cr+ magnetic center interpreted as a mixture of s2d3 and high-spin s1d4 configuration. Finally, the analysis of the density of states reveals the metallic character of all these bare MXenes, irrespective of the nature of the ground state, with significant covalent contributions for Mo2C and W2C.

Related Literature

Facet dependent pairwise addition of hydrogen over Pd nanocrystal catalysts revealed via NMR using para-hydrogen-induced polarization

Weiyu Wang, Jun Xu, Yanxi Zhao, Guodong Qi, Qiang Wang, Chao Wang, Jinlin Li, Feng Deng

2017-01-19 Communication

DOI: 10.1039/C7CP00352H

Effect of the solvation state of electron in dissociative electron attachment reaction in aqueous solutions

Furong Wang, Pierre Archirel, Yusa Muroya, Shinichi Yamashita, Pascal Pernot, Chengying Yin, Abdel Karim El Omar, Uli Schmidhammer, Jean-Marie Teuler, Mehran Mostafavi

2017-08-11 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C7CP03997B

A Pr3+ doping strategy for simultaneously optimizing the size and near infrared persistent luminescence of ZGGO:Cr3+ nanoparticles for potential bio-imaging

Zheng Gong, Yuxue Liu, Jian Yang, Duanting Yan, Hancheng Zhu, Chunguang Liu, Changshan Xu, Hong Zhang

2017-07-04 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C7CP02909H

Separation of charge-regulated polyelectrolytes by pH-assisted diffusiophoresis

Yen-Rei Hsu, Hsieh Shang-Hung, Shiojenn Tseng

2017-03-07 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C7CP00030H

Back cover

Cover

DOI: 10.1039/C7CP90072D

Probing the shape of a graphene nanobubble

Sandeep K. Jain, Vladimir Juričić, Gerard T. Barkema

2017-02-21 Communication

DOI: 10.1039/C6CP08535K

Spatial separation of the hydrogen evolution center from semiconductors using a freestanding silica-sphere-supported Pt composite

Guiyang Yu, Wenxiang Zhang, Jungang Cao, Wenfu Yan, Gang Liu

2017-08-15 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C7CP04463A

Structural features of monohydrated 2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylamine: a combined spectroscopic and computational study

Afik Shachar, Nitzan Mayorkas, Ilana Bar

2017-08-15 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C7CP04195K

You might also like

Compound Q&A

How should 2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diamine dihydrochloride (CAS: 615-45-2) be stored?

2-Methylbenzene-1,4-diamine dihydrochloride (CAS: 615-45-2) should be stored in ...

615-45-22-Methylbenzene-1,4-...
Compound Q&A

Is (1S,4S)-2,5-Diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dihydrobromide (CAS: 132747-20-7) safe?

(1S,4S)-2,5-Diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane dihydrobromide is generally considered sa...

132747-20-7(1S,4S)-2,5-Diazabic...
Compound Q&A

What industries use (6-Chloropyridazin-3-YL)methanamine (CAS: 871826-15-2)?

(6-Chloropyridazin-3-YL)methanamine finds applications in the pharmaceutical ind...

871826-15-2(6-Chloropyridazin-3...
Compound Q&A

What are the main uses of 2-Fluoro-3-methylphenol (CAS: 77772-72-6)?

2-Fluoro-3-methylphenol is primarily used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, p...

77772-72-62-Fluoro-3-methylphe...
Compound Q&A

What precautions should be taken when handling 3-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzonitrile (CAS: 177476-75-4)?

When handling 3-Methoxy-4-nitrobenzonitrile, it is important to wear appropriate...

177476-75-43-Methoxy-4-nitroben...
Compound Q&A

What precautions should be taken when handling 1,3-Oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2(3H)-thione (CAS: 211949-57-4)?

When handling 1,3-Oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2(3H)-thione (CAS: 211949-57-4), it is ...

211949-57-4[1,3]Oxazolo[4,5-b]p...
Compound Q&A

What regulatory guidelines apply to 4-Ethynylbenzamide (CAS: 90347-86-7)?

4-Ethynylbenzamide (CAS: 90347-86-7) falls under various regulatory guidelines i...

90347-86-74-Ethynylbenzamide
Compound Q&A

What are the main uses of 3-(2-Ethylphenyl)-2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinone (CAS: 186822-57-1)?

3-(2-Ethylphenyl)-2-thioxo-4-imidazolidinone is primarily used as an intermediat...

186822-57-13-(2-Ethylphenyl)-2-...
Compound Q&A

What is (2-Fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid (CAS: 500912-19-6)?

(2-Fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, also known as 4-fluoro-3-methoxybenzoic a...

500912-19-6(2-Fluoro-6-methoxyp...
Compound Q&A

What is the market or research trend for 2-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]ethanol (CAS: 102196-18-9)?

Market trends for 2-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]ethanol (CAS: 102196-18-9) indicat...

102196-18-92-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)...

Source Journal

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
CiteScore: 5.5
Self-citation Rate: 10.3%
Articles per Year: 3036

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.

Recommended Compounds

Recommended Suppliers

Disclaimer
This page provides academic journal information for reference and research purposes only. We are not affiliated with any journal publishers and do not handle publication submissions. For publication-related inquiries, please contact the respective journal publishers directly.
If you notice any inaccuracies in the information displayed, please contact us at support@chemtradehub.com. We will promptly review and address your concerns.