Tin-free catalysts for the production of aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethanes

Literature Information

Publication Date 2014-07-21
DOI 10.1039/C4GC00873A
Impact Factor 10.182
Authors

Yves Schellekens, Bert Van Trimpont, Pieter-Jan Goelen, Koen Binnemans, Mario Smet, Marie-Anne Persoons, Dirk De Vos


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Abstract

Polyurethanes based on aliphatic isocyanates are of great interest for industrial applications that require UV-stability. To overcome the low reactivity of (cyclo)aliphatic diisocyanates a catalyst is usually added to accelerate urethane formation. In most applications, organotin-based compounds are used; however, due to growing concerns about the toxicity of organotin compounds, their use is being restricted and the need for alternative catalysts is growing. This paper investigates the catalytic activity of several non-tin catalysts in the formation of (poly)urethanes based on cycloaliphatic diisocyanates. Initial screening in a small-scale solvent-free model system under mild conditions shows that several Lewis acid catalysts remain highly active at very low concentrations. Additional screening in a 40 g polymer system under harsher conditions demonstrates that Fe(III)-based compounds, in particular FeCl3 may serve as viable alternatives to the currently used organotin compounds.

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Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.

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