Comprehensive mass analysis for chemical processes, a case study on l-Dopa manufacture

Literature Information

Publication Date 2014-07-02
DOI 10.1039/C4GC00565A
Impact Factor 10.182
Authors

Tao Li, Xuan Li


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Abstract

To evaluate the “greenness” of chemical processes in route selection and process development, we propose a comprehensive mass analysis to inform the stakeholders from different fields. This is carried out by characterizing the mass intensity for each contributing chemical or waste component with a new algorithm. The analysis is demonstrated with the evaluation of commercial processes for L-Dopa. The plan-wide impacts on inputs are estimated for design features such as the choice of starting material, the use of one-pot synthesis for multiple reactions, recycling of the wrong enantiomer, methods for intermediate isolation, and volumetric productivity. The waste effluent profile is generated to project waste management needs. It has been found that the current biocatalytic process (Ajinomoto) has the best process efficiency and minimal waste treatment needs. The mass efficiency has been improved by at least 6.5 fold through biocatalyst optimization, and reaction intensification employing the crystallization-induced equilibrium shift.

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Green Chemistry

Green Chemistry
CiteScore: 16.1
Self-citation Rate: 7.5%
Articles per Year: 944

Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.

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