A simple combination of higher-oxidation-state FeX3 and phosphine or amineligand for living radical polymerization of styrene, methacrylate, and acrylate

Literature Information

Publication Date 2013-04-11
DOI 10.1039/C3PY00352C
Impact Factor 5.582
Authors

Hiroshi Aoshima, Kotaro Satoh, Tomonari Umemura, Masami Kamigaito


View Original

Abstract

Higher-oxidation-state iron halides [FeX3 (X = Cl, Br)] were employed in conjunction with a series of ligands, mainly monodentate phosphines and amines, to effect the living radical polymerization of various vinyl monomers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate (MMA), and methyl acrylate (MA). Almost all combinations examined could enable polymerizations in the absence of exogenous reducing agents. However, appropriate combinations of FeX3 and ligands gave rise to polymers in a living manner, with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.1–1.2). Ligand combinations included FeCl3 with PnBu3, PtBu3, or NnBu3 (for styrene); FeCl3 with PtBu3 or NnBu3 (for MMA); and FeBr3 with PPh3 (for MA). Model reactions and spectroscopic analysis suggest that FeCl3 most likely disproportionates into the Fe(III)Cl4− anion and Fe(III)Cl2+ cation in the presence of Lewis base ligands (PR3 and NR3). The latter cationic species, coordinated with the ligand [Fe(III)Cl2(PR3)+ or Fe(II)Cl2(PR3)˙+], acts as the active catalyst. Assistance from the electron-rich ligand allows the catalyst to induce metal-catalyzed living radical polymerization. The Fe(III)-based catalyst could also be easily and almost quantitatively removed from the polymer product simply by washing with aqueous acid to minimize the amount of iron contamination (<5 ppm).

Related Literature

Molecular dynamics simulations of atomically flat and nanoporous electrodes with a molten salt electrolyte

Jenel Vatamanu, Oleg Borodin, Grant D. Smith

2009-11-07 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/B917592J

EXAFS and XRD characterization of palladium sorbents for high temperature mercury capture from fuel gas

Stephen Poulston, Timothy I. Hyde, Hugh Hamilton, Olivier Mathon, Carmelo Prestipino, Andrew W. J. Smith

2009-11-13 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/B911941H

Coherent excitation phenomena in time-resolved experiments

A. Peralta Conde, R. Montero, A. Longarte, F. Castaño

2010-10-26 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C0CP00805B

An ab initio insight into the Cu(111)-mediated Ullmann reaction

Manh-Thuong Nguyen, Carlo A. Pignedoli, Daniele Passerone

2010-10-26 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C0CP00759E

The zone-refine driven growth of jellyfish-like core–shell nanowires

Jyun-Lin Wu, Hsin-Fu Kuo, Ping-Tzu Chen, Hung-Jen Chen, Su-Jien Lin, Wen-Kuang Hsu

2010-10-25 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C0CP00890G

Rational synthesis and characterization of porous Cu(ii) coordination polymers

Shin-ichiro Noro

2010-01-18 Perspective

DOI: 10.1039/B916584C

Tracking the formation of cobalt substituted ALPO-5 using simultaneous in situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy techniques

Kerry Simmance, Gopinathan Sankar, Robert G. Bell, Carmelo Prestipino

2009-11-13 Communication

DOI: 10.1039/B920245E

Enhancing the interactions between neutral molecular tweezers and anions

Jose M. Hermida-Ramón, Marcos Mandado, Marta Sánchez-Lozano, Carlos M. Estévez

2009-11-09 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/B915483C

You might also like

Compound Q&A

What are the main uses of 4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate (CAS: 333338-18-4)?

4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate is primarily used as a substra...

333338-18-44-Nitrophenyl phosph...
Compound Q&A

What are the main uses of 2-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic Acid (CAS: 1060816-01-4)?

2-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic Acid (CAS: 1060816-01-4) is widely ...

1060816-01-42-(Trifluoromethyl)-...
Compound Q&A

How should 2-Fluoro-4-biphenylcarboxylic acid (CAS: 137045-30-8) be stored?

2-Fluoro-4-biphenylcarboxylic acid should be stored in a cool, dry place at room...

137045-30-82-Fluoro-4-biphenylc...
Compound Q&A

What industries use Prednisolone-21-Carboxylic Acid (CAS: 61549-70-0)?

Prednisolone-21-Carboxylic Acid is primarily used in the pharmaceutical industry...

61549-70-0Prednisolone-21-Carb...
Compound Q&A

How should 4-(Hydrazinomethyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriol (CAS: 3614-72-0) be stored?

4-(Hydrazinomethyl)-1,2,3-benzenetriol (CAS: 3614-72-0) should be stored in a co...

3614-72-04-(Hydrazinomethyl)-...
Compound Q&A

What industries use 4-Amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (CAS: 92534-70-8)?

4-Amino-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (CAS: 92534-70-8) i...

92534-70-84-Amino-1-methyl-1H-...
Compound Q&A

What regulatory guidelines apply to dehydropachymic acid (CAS: 77012-31-8)?

Dehydropachymic acid (CAS: 77012-31-8) is regulated by various agencies. It fall...

77012-31-8Dehydropachymic acid
Compound Q&A

What is the market or research trend for 6-[(2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl)amino]nicotinic acid (CAS: 898561-66-5)?

The market and research trends for 6-[(2,2-Dimethylpropanoyl)amino]nicotinic aci...

898561-66-56-[(2,2-Dimethylprop...
Compound Q&A

How should 1,10-Phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde (CAS: 57709-62-3) be stored?

1,10-Phenanthroline-2,9-dicarbaldehyde should be stored in a cool, dry place awa...

57709-62-31,10-Phenanthroline-...
Compound Q&A

How is 5-Carbamoyl-11-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-10-yl acetate (CAS: 113952-21-9) typically synthesized?

5-Carbamoyl-11-oxo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-10-yl acetate can be synt...

113952-21-95-Carbamoyl-11-oxo-1...

Source Journal

Polymer Chemistry

Polymer Chemistry
CiteScore: 8.6
Self-citation Rate: 7.3%
Articles per Year: 457

Polymer Chemistry welcomes submissions in all areas of polymer science that have a strong focus on macromolecular chemistry. Manuscripts may cover a broad range of fields, yet no direct application focus is required.

Recommended Compounds

Recommended Suppliers

Disclaimer
This page provides academic journal information for reference and research purposes only. We are not affiliated with any journal publishers and do not handle publication submissions. For publication-related inquiries, please contact the respective journal publishers directly.
If you notice any inaccuracies in the information displayed, please contact us at support@chemtradehub.com. We will promptly review and address your concerns.