Real-time monitoring of the deactivation of HZSM-5 during upgrading of pine pyrolysis vapors

Literature Information

Publication Date 2013-12-09
DOI 10.1039/C3GC42065E
Impact Factor 10.182
Authors

Calvin Mukarakate, Xiaodong Zhang, Alexander R. Stanton, David J. Robichaud, Peter N. Ciesielski, Kara Malhotra, Bryon S. Donohoe, Erica Gjersing, Robert J. Evans, David S. Heroux, Ryan Richards, Kristiina Iisa, Mark R. Nimlos


View Original

Abstract

The conversion of pine pyrolysis vapors over fixed beds of HZSM-5 catalyst was studied as a function of deactivation of the catalyst, presumably by coking. Small laboratory reactors were used in this study in which the products were identified using a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). In all of these experiments, real-time measurements of the products formed were conducted as the catalyst aged and deactivated during upgrading. The results from these experiments showed the following: (1) Fresh catalyst produces primarily aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins with no detectable oxygen-containing species. (2) After pyrolysis of roughly the same weight of biomass as weight of catalyst, oxygenated products begin to appear in the product stream. This suite of oxygen containing products appears different from the products formed when the catalyst is fresh and when the catalyst is completely deactivated. In particular, phenol and cresols are measured while upgrading pine, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis vapors, suggesting that these products are intermediates or side products formed during upgrading. (3) After the addition of more pyrolysis vapors, the product stream consists of primary vapors from pine pyrolysis. Catalyst samples collected at various points during deactivation were analyzed using a variety of tools. The results show that carbon build-up is correlated with catalyst deactivation, suggesting that deactivation is due to coking. Further, studies of nitrogen adsorption on the used catalyst suggest that coking initially occurs on the outside of the catalyst, leaving the micropores largely intact. From a practical point of view, it appears that based upon this study and others in the literature, the amount of oxygen in the upgraded products can be related to the level of deactivation of the HZSM-5 catalyst, which can be determined by how much pyrolysis vapor is run over the catalyst.

Related Literature

Flexible band gap tuning of hexagonal boron nitride sheets interconnected by acetylenic bonds

Hongyu Zhang, Youhua Luo, Xiaojuan Feng, Lixia Zhao, Meng Zhang

2015-07-07 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C5CP02346G

A novel crystalline SiCO compound

Miriam Marqués, Angel Morales-García, José Manuel Menéndez, Valentín G. Baonza, José Manuel Recio

2015-08-20 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C5CP03673A

Near infrared absorbing near infrared emitting highly-sensitive luminescent nanothermometer based on Nd3+ to Yb3+ energy transfer

Ł. Marciniak, A. Bednarkiewicz, M. Stefanski, R. Tomala, D. Hreniak, W. Strek

2015-08-17 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C5CP03861H

First-principles analysis of the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency of photovoltaic absorber layers for CuAu-like chalcogenides and silicon

Marnik Bercx, Nasrin Sarmadian, Rolando Saniz, Bart Partoens, Dirk Lamoen

2016-07-07 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C6CP03468C

A chemical chaperone induces inhomogeneous conformational changes in flexible proteins

Djemel Hamdane, Christophe Velours, David Cornu, Magali Nicaise, Murielle Lombard, Marc Fontecave

2016-07-01 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C6CP03635J

Low polarity water, a novel transition species at the polyethylene–water interface

Edward M. Kosower, Galina Borz

2015-08-26 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C5CP04439A

Deformation twinning and the role of amino acids and magnesium in calcite hardness from molecular simulation

A. S. Côté, R. Darkins, D. M. Duffy

2015-07-13 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C5CP03370E

Unravelling the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species formation in nanohybrid systems of porphyrins and enriched (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes for photosensitization

Camila S. Monteiro, Daniele C. Ferreira, Gustavo A. M. Sáfar, Rafael N. Gontijo, Cristiano Fantini, Dayse C. S. Martins, Ynara M. Idemori, Maurício V. B. Pinheiro, Klaus Krambrock

2016-07-05 Paper

DOI: 10.1039/C6CP03366K

You might also like

Compound Q&A

What precautions should be taken when handling 4-Methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline (CAS: 40716-16-3)?

When handling 4-Methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline (CAS: 40716-16-3), safety go...

40716-16-34-Methyl-6-(trifluor...
Compound Q&A

What is 4-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)aniline (CAS: 405058-00-6)?

4-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)aniline is an aromatic organic compound with the CAS numbe...

405058-00-64-(3,5-Difluoropheny...
Compound Q&A

How is 5-{[4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfanyl}-1,2,3-thiadiazole-4-carboxylic acid (CAS: 338982-07-3) typically synthesized?

5-{[4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]sulfanyl}-1,2,3-thiadiazole-4-carboxylic acid can ...

338982-07-35-{[4-(Trifluorometh...
Compound Q&A

What is the market or research trend for 4-Benzylaniline hydrochloride (CAS: 6317-57-3)?

The market for 4-Benzylaniline hydrochloride (CAS: 6317-57-3) is steadily growin...

6317-57-34-Benzylaniline hydr...
Compound Q&A

Is [3-(Diethylsulfamoyl)phenyl]boronic acid (CAS: 871329-58-7) safe?

[3-(Diethylsulfamoyl)phenyl]boronic acid is generally considered safe when handl...

871329-58-7[3-(Diethylsulfamoyl...
Compound Q&A

What are the main uses of 3-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyaniline (CAS: 115929-62-9)?

3-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyaniline is mainly used in the pharmaceutical and chemical i...

115929-62-93-Bromo-2,5-dimethox...
Compound Q&A

What regulatory guidelines apply to N-Methyl-1-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanamine (CAS: 915922-67-7)?

N-Methyl-1-(5-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanamine (CAS: 915922-67-7) is subject to ...

915922-67-7N-Methyl-1-(5-methyl...
Compound Q&A

What industries use Carbamic acid, N-[(5S)-5,6-diamino-6-oxohexyl]-, 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (CAS: 24828-96-4)?

This compound is primarily used in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis...

24828-96-4Carbamic acid, N-[(5...
Compound Q&A

How should 2-Methyl-2-propanyl [(1S,3R)-3-aminocyclohexyl]carbamate (CAS: 1298101-47-9) be stored?

2-Methyl-2-propanyl [(1S,3R)-3-aminocyclohexyl]carbamate (CAS: 1298101-47-9) sho...

1298101-47-92-Methyl-2-propanyl ...
Compound Q&A

What industries use Ethyl 2-bromo-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate (CAS: 367-33-9)?

Ethyl 2-bromo-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate (CAS: 367-33-9) is utilized in the pharma...

367-33-9Ethyl 2-bromo-4,4,4-...

Source Journal

Green Chemistry

Green Chemistry
CiteScore: 16.1
Self-citation Rate: 7.5%
Articles per Year: 944

Green Chemistry provides a unique forum for the publication of innovative research on the development of alternative green and sustainable technologies. The scope of Green Chemistry is based on, but not limited to, the definition proposed by Anastas and Warner (Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice, P T Anastas and J C Warner, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998). Green chemistry is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Green Chemistry is at the frontiers of this continuously-evolving interdisciplinary science and publishes research that attempts to reduce the environmental impact of the chemical enterprise by developing a technology base that is inherently non-toxic to living things and the environment. Submissions on all aspects of research relating to the endeavour are welcome. The journal publishes original and significant cutting-edge research that is likely to be of wide general appeal. To be published, work must present a significant advance in green chemistry. Papers must contain a comparison with existing methods and demonstrate advantages over those methods before publication can be considered. For more information please see this Editorial. Coverage includes the following, but is not limited to: Design (e.g. biomimicry, design for degradation/recycling/reduced toxicity…) Reagents & Feedstocks (e.g. renewables, CO2, solvents, auxiliary agents, waste utilization…) Synthesis (e.g. organic, inorganic, synthetic biology…) Catalysis (e.g. homogeneous, heterogeneous, enzyme, whole cell…) Process (e.g. process design, intensification, separations, recycling, efficiency…) Energy (e.g. renewable energy, fuels, photovoltaics, fuel cells, energy storage, energy carriers…) Applications (e.g. electronics, dyes, consumer products, coatings, pharmaceuticals, preservatives, building materials, chemicals for industry/agriculture/mining…) Impact (e.g. safety, metrics, LCA, sustainability, (eco)toxicology…) Green chemistry is, by definition, a continuously-evolving frontier. Therefore, the inclusion of a particular material or technology does not, of itself, guarantee that a paper is suitable for the journal. To be suitable, the novel advance should have the potential for reduced environmental impact relative to the state of the art. Green Chemistry does not normally deal with research associated with 'end-of-pipe' or remediation issues.

Recommended Suppliers

Disclaimer
This page provides academic journal information for reference and research purposes only. We are not affiliated with any journal publishers and do not handle publication submissions. For publication-related inquiries, please contact the respective journal publishers directly.
If you notice any inaccuracies in the information displayed, please contact us at support@chemtradehub.com. We will promptly review and address your concerns.