On the stability of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 in a 10 M urea solution. The role of interaction energies for urea-induced protein denaturation

Literature Information

Publication Date 2010-06-18
DOI 10.1039/B925726H
Impact Factor 3.676
Authors

Matteus Lindgren, Per-Olof Westlund


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Abstract

Molecular dynamics simulations of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 in both water and in 10 M urea have been compared with respect to the energies of interaction between protein and solvent. The analysis yield clear and detailed information regarding the enthalpic driving force of urea-induced protein denaturation. The protein is kept in the folded structure by applying positional restraints on the α-carbons, thereby creating an equilibrium system from which appropriate driving forces for denaturation can be obtained. All protein atoms are classified as belonging to the backbone, the polar side chains or to the hydrophobic side chains. The interaction energies are extracted for each class separately. The commonly proposed mechanisms of urea denaturation, i.e. that urea interacts mainly with the backbone or with the hydrophobic side chains, can then be tested. The results show that urea decreases the Lennard-Jones interaction energies between protein and solvent by a large amount. The electrostatic energies are almost unaffected by the switch of solvent. The energetically favorable interaction between CI2 and the urea solvent will function as a driving force for the protein to increase its solvent accessible surface area as compared to the folded protein in water. The magnitude of the decrease in the Lennard-Jones energies for the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic side chains and for the backbone were similar. We therefore conclude that urea interacts favorably with the whole protein surface and that all parts of the protein are important in urea-induced denaturation.

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Source Journal

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
CiteScore: 5.5
Self-citation Rate: 10.3%
Articles per Year: 3036

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.

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