How is 4-Aminonicotinamide (CAS: 7418-66-8) typically synthesized?

4-Aminonicotinamide can be synthesized via the reduction of nicotinoyl chloride with ammonia in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as sodium hydroxide. The reaction is typically carried out in an aqueous medium, with a yield of around 80-85%. Other methods include the amination of nicotinic acid, often using sodium azide as a reagent.