Imaging the ordering of a weakly adsorbed two-dimensional condensate: ambient-pressure microscopy and spectroscopy of CO2 molecules on rutile TiO2(110)
Literature Information
Mausumi Mahapatra, David C. Grinter, Fang Xu, Si Luo, Robert M. Palomino, Shyam Kattel, Iradwikanari Waluyo, Ping Liu, Dario J. Stacchiola, Sanjaya D. Senanayake
Disorder–Order transitions in a weakly adsorbed two-dimensional film have been identified for the first time using ambient-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy (AP-STM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS). As of late, great effort has been devoted to the capture, activation and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2), a ubiquitous greenhouse gas and by-product of many chemical processes. The high stability and non-polar nature of CO2 leads to weak bonding with well-defined surfaces of metals and oxides. CO2 adsorbs molecularly on the rutile TiO2(110) surface with a low adsorption energy of ∼10 kcal mol−1. In spite of this weak binding, images of AP-STM show that a substantial amount of CO2 can reside on a TiO2(110) surface at room temperature forming two-dimensionally ordered films. We have employed microscopic imaging under in situ conditions, soft X-ray spectroscopy and theory to decipher the unique ordering behavior seen for CO2 on TiO2(110).
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