Influence of ionizing dopants on charge transport in organic semiconductors
Literature Information
Antonio Abate, Daniel R. Staff, Derek J. Hollman, Henry J. Snaith, Alison B. Walker
Ionizing chemical dopants are widely used in organic semiconductors to enhance the charge transport properties by increasing the number of mobile charge carriers. However, together with mobile charges, chemical doping produces anion–cation pairs in the organic matrix. In this work we use experimental and computational analysis to study the influence of these ionic species on the charge transport. We show that the anion–cation pairs introduced upon doping have a detrimental, doping-level dependent effect on charge mobility. For doping levels of 0.02–0.05% molar ratio with respect to the molecular organic semiconductor, the increase in conductivity from the extra mobile charges is partially cancelled by a reduction in charge mobility from traps introduced by the anion–cation pairs. As the doping concentration increases, anion–cation pairs start to overlap, resulting in a comparatively smoother potential landscape, which increases the charge mobility to values closer to the undoped semiconductor. This result has a significant, practical impact, as it shows the need to dope at or slightly above a threshold level, which depends on the specific host-dopant combination.
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.














