Improving BiVO4 photoanodes for solar water splitting through surface passivation
Literature Information
Yongqi Liang, Johannes Messinger
BiVO4 has shown great potential as a semiconductor photoanode for solar water splitting. Significant improvements made during recent years allowed researchers to obtain a photocurrent density of up to 4.0 mA cm−2 (AM1.5 sunlight illumination, 1.23 VRHE bias). For further improvements of the BiVO4 photoelectrodes, a deep understanding of the processes occurring at the BiVO4–H2O interface is crucial. Employing an electrochemical loading and removal process of NiOx, we show here that carrier recombination at this interface strongly affects the photocurrents. The removal of NiOx species by electrochemical treatment in a phosphate electrolyte leads to significantly increased photocurrents for BiVO4 photoelectrodes. At a bias of 1.23 VRHE, the Incident Photon-to-Current Efficiency (IPCE) at 450 nm reaches 43% for the passivated BiVO4 electrode under back side illumination. A model incorporating heterogeneity of NiOx centers on the BiVO4 surface (OER catalytic centers, recombination centers, and passivation centers) is proposed to explain this improved performance.
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Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) is an international journal co-owned by 19 physical chemistry and physics societies from around the world. This journal publishes original, cutting-edge research in physical chemistry, chemical physics and biophysical chemistry. To be suitable for publication in PCCP, articles must include significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry; this is the most important criterion that reviewers and Editors will judge against when evaluating submissions. The journal has a broad scope and welcomes contributions spanning experiment, theory, computation and data science. Topical coverage includes spectroscopy, dynamics, kinetics, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, catalysis, surface science, quantum mechanics, quantum computing and machine learning. Interdisciplinary research areas such as polymers and soft matter, materials, nanoscience, energy, surfaces/interfaces, and biophysical chemistry are welcomed if they demonstrate significant innovation and/or insight into physical chemistry. Joined experimental/theoretical studies are particularly appreciated when complementary and based on up-to-date approaches.












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