Insight into the relative reactivity of “Frustrated Lewis pairs” and stable carbenes in activating H2 and CH4: A comparative computational study
Literature Information
Haixia Li, Lili Zhao, Gang Lu, Yirong Mo, Zhi-Xiang Wang
Computational study has been conducted to gain insight into the relative reactivity of stable carbenes (1 and 2) and typical frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs, 3–6) in activating H2 and CH4. For the FLP H2 activations, despite the quite different basicities of the Lewis base components, they have comparable reactivities. The unexpected relative reactivity can be attributed to the following two factors: (i) the vacant carbene C: pπ orbital, which is important when carbene works alone but does not participate in the FLP activation; and (ii) the electrostatic interaction between the Lewis base center and the approaching H atom which plays an important role and can either favor or disfavor a reaction. These explanations are also applicable to methane activations. The study brings two messages to the experimentalists for constructing FLPs: (i) it is recommended to use P- and N-centered Lewis bases to construct FLPs for H2 activation because using more reactive components does not benefit the activation; and (ii) the FLPs are less reactive in activating CH4 than H2. In addition, using more reactive carbenes as Lewis bases in FLPs does not necessarily benefit the methane activation.
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